• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    SUMMARY An improved nutrient medium is described, comprising from 10 g / l to 100 g / l of an adsorbent material, from 350 mg / l to 450 mg / l NH 4 NO 3, from 2000 mg / l to 3000 mg / l KH 2 PO 4, from 5 mg / I to 25 mg / I FeSO4, from 600 mg / I to 1500 mg / I MgSO4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of from 150 mg / I to 300 mg / I myoinositol, from 1.5 mg / I to 3.0 mg / l Thiamine-HCl, from 0.30 mg / l to 0.80 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l Inicotic acid, from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l riboflavin, from 0.75 mg / l to 2.0 mg / Icalcium pantothenate, from 0.01 mg / l to 0.03 mg / l biotin and from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l folic acid, as well as a manufactured seed that includes the improved nutrient medium.
    公开号:SE1051007A1
    申请号:SE1051007
    申请日:2010-09-29
    公开日:2011-03-31
    发明作者:Jeffrey E Hartle；William C Carlson
    申请人:Weyerhaeuser Nr Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    2 mg / l myoinositol, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l thiamine-HCl, from 0.30 mg / l to 0.80 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l nicotinic acid, from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l riboflavin, from 0.75 mg / l to 2.0 mg / l calcium pantothenate, from 0.01 mg / l I to 0.03 mg / l biotin and from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l folic acid.
    According to another aspect of the invention there is provided manufactured seeds comprising (a) a seed coat and (b) an improved nutrient medium comprising from 10 g / l to 100 g / l of an adsorbent material, from 350 mg / l to 450 mg / l NH4NO3, from 2000 mg / l to 3000 mg / l KH2PO4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of from 150 mg / l to 300 mg / l myoinocytol, from 1.5 mg / l to 3, 0 mg / l thiamine HCl, from 0.30 mg / l to 0.80 mg / l pyridoxine HCl, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l nicotinic acid, from 0.15 mg / l I to 0.30 mg / l riboflavin, from 0.75 mg / l to 2.0 mg / l calcium pantothenate, from 0.01 mg / l to 0.03 mg / l biotin and from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l folic acid.
    The improved nutrient medium and the produced seeds including an improved nutrient medium are useful for the growth and / or germination of a plant embryo, such as a conifer embryo.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above aspects and many of the attendant advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
    FIGURE 1 shows in cross-sectional view an example of a seed produced including an embryo for use in the methods of the present invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present application describes manufactured seeds including a modified nutrient medium, which results in an improved germination frequency compared to manufactured seeds including a standard nutrient medium containing nutrient-treated charcoal.
    The term "somatic plant embryo" as used herein refers to an embryo produced by culturing totipotent plant cells, such as meristem tissue, under laboratory conditions, whereby the cells comprising the tissue are separated from each other and forced to develop into very small complete embryos. Alternatively, somatic embryos can be produced by induction of "cleavage polyembryogeny" of zygotic embryos. Methods for producing somatic plant embryos suitable for use in the methods of the invention are standard in the art and have been previously described (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,957,866, 5,034,326, 5,036,007, 5 041 382, 5,236,841, 5,294,549, 5,482,857, 5,563,061 and 5,821,126). For example, plant tissue can be cultured in an initiation medium that includes hormones for initiating the formation of embryogenic cells, such as embryo suspension masses capable of developing into somatic embryos. The embryogenic cells can then be further cultured in a maintenance medium that promotes the establishment and proliferation of the embryogenic cells. Thereafter, the proliferated embryogenic cells can be cultured in a development medium that promotes the development of somatic embryos, which can also be subjected to post-developmental treatments, such as cold treatments. The somatic embryos used in the methods of the invention have completed the developmental stage of the somatic embryogenesis process. They may also have undergone one or more post-development treatments.
    The somatic plant embryos used in the invention usually have a shoot end and a root end. In some plant species, the shoot end includes one or more heart leaves (leaf-like structures) at a certain stage of development.
    Plant embryos suitable for use in the methods of the invention may be embryos from any plant species, such as di-heart-shaped or mono-heart-shaped plants or gymnosperms, such as zygotic or somatic coniferous embryos (ie pine, such as yellow southern state) ("Loblolly pine"). spruce or Douglas fir). For use in manufactured seeds of the present invention, the plant embryo is developed in a sufficient manner to have a shoot end and a root end. In some plant species, the shoot end includes one or more heart leaves at a certain stage of development. In other types of plants, the heart leaf or heart leaves are in positions other than the shoot end.
    The term “germination” as used herein refers to a physiological process which results in the elongation of a plant embryo along its axis, and is complete when the embryo has been extended to the point of penetration through the seed coat or the lid of the seed produced. 10 15 20 25 30 4 The term "complete germination" as used herein refers to a seed produced where the root has penetrated through the seed coat or the lid of the seed produced.
    A seed produced for use in accordance with the invention includes a plant embryo, a casing for the seed produced and a nutrient medium. FIGURE 1 shows in cross-sectional view an example of a manufactured seed 20 including a plant embryo 42 placed therein. As shown in FIGURE 1, the embryo 42 is located in a cavity 34, being in functional contact with a nutrient medium 26 and is suitably enclosed therein by means of a living end closure 43. It will be appreciated that FIGURE 1 constitutes a representative embodiment of a produced seed 20 comprising a plant embryo, a casing for the produced seed including the somatic plant embryo and including an orifice, a nutrient medium which is in functional contact with the plant embryo and a lid which closes the somatic plant embryo inside the produced seed, but processes is not limited to the particular embodiment of the manufactured seed shown in FIGURE 1. The exemplary embodiment shown in FIGURE 1 includes the manufactured seed 20, a seed coat 24, a nutrient medium 26, a bottom closure 28 and an optional cylcap (" cylcap ”) 22 (shot restriction). In the exemplary embodiment shown in F1GUR 1, the manufactured seed 20 includes a plant embryo 42, a seed coat 24, a nutrient medium 26 in functional contact with the plant embryo and an optional cylcap 22 (shoot restriction).
    As used herein, the term "shell for a manufactured seed" refers to a structure analogous to that of a natural seed coat which protects the plant embryo and other internal structures of the seed produced from mechanical damage, dehydration, attack by microbes, fungi, insects, nematodes, birds and other pathogens, herbivores and pests, to name a few features.
    The seed coat 24 may be made of a variety of materials which include, but are not limited to, cellulosic materials, glass, plastics, moldable plastics, cured polymeric resins, paraffin, waxes, varnishes, and combinations thereof, such as wax impregnated paper. The materials from which the seed coat is made are generally non-toxic and provide a degree of rigidity. The seed coat may be biodegradable, but the seed coat usually remains intact and resistant to penetration of plant pathogens until after the emergence of the germinating embryo. The seed coat may be formed of a section of a tubular material. The seed coat may be a cut straw made of fibrous material, such as paper. The cut portions of the suction tube may be pretreated in a suitable coating material, such as wax. Alternatively, the seed coat may be formed from a tubular portion of a biodegradable plastic material. One such material is polylactic acid ("PLA"), which is sold by MAT-UR, Los Angeles, California. Another suitable material is a polycaprolactone ("PCL") mixture, such as CAPA 6800 (Perstorp polyols Inc., Toledo, OK 43612) with or without a plasticizer in the form of 1% Tegomer H Sl644O (Degussa Goldschmidt Chemical Corp., 914 East Randolph Road, Hopewell, Virginia 23860). Such biodegradable plastic pipes require or do not require a wax coating, since such pipes are already resistant to surrounding elements. Additives such as antibiotics and plant growth regulators can be added to the seed coat by, for example, incorporation into the material forming one or more of the seed coat layers or by coating or otherwise treating the layer or layers with the additive by conventional means.
    The cylcap 22, also known as shot restriction or heart leaf restriction, is usually made of a porous material with a hardness strong enough to withstand puncture or rupture caused by a germinating embryo, such as a ceramic material or a porcelain material, and includes an end closure member. 30 and a leaf blade restrictor 32. The restrictor 32 has an inner surface for contacting and enclosing at least the shoot end of a plant embryo and resists penetration of the shoot end during germination. The shoot restriction prevents the shoot end of the embryo, such as the heart leaves, from growing into and enclosing it in the nutrient medium (also called gametophyte medium). The heart blade restraining member 32 is suitably integrally or uniformly formed together with the end closure member 30. The cylcap 22 also includes a longitudinally extending cavity 34 extending through the end closure member 30 and partially through one end of the heart blade restraining member 32. The open end of the cavity 34 is known as a heart leaf restriction opening 36. The cavity 34 is sized to receive a plant embryo 42 therein. As shown in FIGURE 1, said cylinder 22 includes a plurality of pores 27, the pores 27 providing the nutrient medium 26 with access to the inside of the cavity 34 including the embryo 42 and therefore enabling the nutrient medium 26 to be in functional contact with the embryo. 42 under conditions sufficient to create a conditioned embryo, as described herein.
    The restriction is porous in order to give the embryo access to water, nutrients and oxygen. The bulkhead may be made of any suitable material which includes, but is not limited to, glassy materials, metal materials, elastomeric materials, ceramic materials, clay materials, gypsum materials, cementitious materials, starch materials, putty-like materials, synthetic polymeric materials, natural polymeric materials and adhesives.
    Examples of shot restrictions are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,687,504 (e.g., column 3, line 61, to column 4, line 13; column 18, line 7, to column 22, line 2), which are incorporated herein by reference.
    As also shown in FIGURE 1, in certain embodiments of the manufactured seed 20, the filler material 80 surrounds the embryo 42 either completely or partially and increases the surface area of the embryo 42 which is in functional contact with the nutrient medium 26, providing a plurality of pathways for the nutrients. from the nutrient medium 26 to reach the embryo 42. Although it is preferred that the filler material 80 substantially center the embryo 42 within the cavity 34, the embryo 42 need not be located that way. The filler material 80 need only position the embryo 42 in the cavity 34 in any manner so that the embryo 42 is placed in functional contact with the nutrient medium 26. In certain embodiments of the invention, the filler material 80 need to fill, either completely or partially, only one or more two sides of the space between the embryo 42 and the walls of the cavity 34.
    Preferably, the filler material 80 is an adsorbent, such as activated charcoal, Dowex resins, zeolites, alumina, clay, diatomite, silica gel and diatomaceous earth. During the assembly of the manufactured seed 20, the filler material 80 is deposited in the cavity 34 of said cylcap 22 in any manner known in the art, including manually. The filler material 80 is preferably, but not necessarily, placed in the cavity 34 in such a way that it substantially centers the embryo 42 inside the cavity 34. Centering the embryo 42 inside the cavity 34 increases the surface area of the embryo 42 which is in functional contact with the nutrient medium 26. as used herein, the term "functional 10 15 20 25 30 7 contact" is intended to mean a position in which the embryo 42 absorbs nutrients from the nutrient medium 26.
    In some embodiments, the filler material is 80 charcoal. Preferably, the charcoal is in the form of a powder and is activated by pretreatment with an acid, such as HCl or phosphoric acid. Activated charcoal is commercially available. Powdered activated carbon, eg NORIT® CNSP or DARCO® KB-G, is produced by chemical activation using a phosphoric acid process and is available from Norit Americas lnc., Marshall, Texas, 75671.
    In some embodiments, the filler material is 80 nutrient-treated charcoal. The term "nutrient treated" charcoal as used herein refers to charcoal which has been in contact with a medium containing a variety of nutrients, such as a carbon source, vitamins, minerals and amino acids, in such a way that the charcoal absorbs and retains the nutrients from the medium. A representative medium used to prepare nutrient-treated charcoal is KE64 medium, as described in Example 1. An example of a process for producing nutrient-treated charcoal for use as a filler 80 for insertion into the cavity 34 is provided in Example 1.
    In accordance with the manufactured seeds and methods of the invention, the nutrient medium 26 (otherwise referred to as "gametophyte medium") is in functional contact with the plant embryo placed within the manufactured seed 20. The "nutrient medium" used herein refers to a source of nutrients. , such as vitamins, minerals, carbon and energy sources, and other beneficial compounds used by the embryo during germination. Thus, the nutrient medium is analogous to the gametophyte of a natural seed.
    According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a process for the preparation of an improved nutrient medium comprising an adsorbent material for culturing plant cells. The method of this aspect of the invention comprises (a) incubating a first nutrient medium comprising a predetermined initial concentration of components comprising one or more carbon sources, vitamins, minerals and amino acids with a desired amount of adsorbent material for addition to an improved nutrient medium; (b) determining whether there is a reduction in the concentration of one or more components in the first nutrient medium after the incubation according to step (a) compared to the predetermined initial concentration of the component; and (c) preparing an improved nutrient medium comprising the same components as the first nutrient medium, the improved nutrient medium comprising: (i) an increased concentration of said one or more components determined in step (b) to reduce the concentration in the presence of the absorbent material; and (ii) the same type of absorbent material in a concentration range that is at most twice as high as that used in step (a).
    The methods of the present invention are useful for preparing an improved nutrient medium including an absorbent material, such as charcoal, for use in the growth and / or germination of plant embryos.
    The improved nutrient medium prepared according to the invention is useful for the production and germination of manufactured seeds in a number of different contexts.
    According to this aspect of the invention, a first nutrient medium comprising a predetermined initial concentration of components including one or more carbon sources, vitamins, minerals and amino acids is incubated with an adsorbent material for a period of time sufficient for the various components of the medium to be adsorbed by the adsorbent material. Suitable time periods for incubation in the first nutrient medium with the adsorbent composition range from at least about 10 minutes to dagar your days or a week or longer, such as at least 15 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 1 hour, at least 2 hours, at least 3 hours, at least 4 hours. hours, at least 8 hours, up to 24 hours, 48 hours or longer.
    Suitable adsorbent materials for use in the processes for preparing a modified (improved) nutrient medium include, but are not limited to, charcoal, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and silica gels. In some embodiments, the adsorbent material in the first and modified (improved) nutrient medium is 1.0 g / l to 100 g / l charcoal. In certain embodiments, the charcoal added to the first and modified (improved) nutrient medium from 1.0 g / l to 100 g / l is non-nutrient treated charcoal (eg from 5 g / l, 20 g / l to 100 g / l, from 50 g / l to 100 g / l, from 60 g / l to 100 g / l or from 50 g / l to 80 g / l, or about 60 g / l). The term “non-nutrient treated” charcoal as used herein refers to charcoal (e.g. pure charcoal or activated charcoal) which has not been in contact with any medium containing a number of nutrients, such as a carbon source, vitamins, minerals and amino acids, which is why charcoal absorbs and preserves nutrients from the medium.
    According to this aspect of the invention, the first and modified (improved) nutrient medium includes the same type of adsorbent composition (eg charcoal). The concentration of adsorbent composition in the improved nutrient medium is usually within a concentration range that is about two to five times the concentration of adsorbent incubated in the first nutrient medium. In certain embodiments of the process, the concentration of the adsorbent composition in the improved nutrient medium is the same as the concentration of the adsorbent incubated in the first nutrient medium.
    After the first nutrient medium has been incubated with the adsorbent composition of step (a), an assay is performed to determine whether there is a reduction in the concentration of one or more of the components of the first nutrient medium after incubation, compared to the initial concentration. the component of the first nutrient medium. TABLES 3 and 4 show, for example, a comparison of media components before and after incubation with charcoal.
    For one or more components of the nutrient medium which have been determined to have been reduced in the first nutrient medium after incubation with the adsorbent material, an adjustment is made to increase the concentration of said one or more components in the improved nutrient medium. In certain embodiments of the process, an adjustment is made so that the increase in concentration of the component in the improved nutrient medium corresponds to the reduction in concentration observed in the first nutrient medium after incubation with the adsorbent composition. In certain embodiments of the process, an adjustment is made to the concentration of the component in the improved nutrient medium, which in addition takes into account at least one of (1) the effect of the increased concentration of the particular component on the total pH of the medium; (2) the interaction with other components of the medium (ie precipitation); or (3) a maximum content of a particular component with respect to viability of the plant embryo to be brought into contact with the nutrient medium. In certain embodiments, the process according to this aspect of the invention is carried out in preparation for scaling up, such that the first nutrient medium incubated with the adsorbent composition according to step (a) has a volume of about 1 / 4 to 1/100 (such as 1/5, 1/10, 1/50, 1/75 up to 1/100) of the total volume of the improved nutrient medium according to step (c).
    In certain embodiments, the method further comprises placing the first nutrient medium from step (a) in a first set of manufactured seeds and placing the improved nutrient medium from step (c) in a second set of manufactured seeds, placing a conifer embryo in functional contact with the nutrient medium. in each of the produced seeds from the first and second sets of produced seeds, placement of the produced seeds in an environment that promotes plant growth and comparison of the germination frequencies of the embryos from the first and second sets of produced seeds to determine if there is an effect of the improved nutrient medium on the germination rate.
    According to this aspect of the invention, the first nutrient medium and the modified (improved) nutrient medium usually include the same components, the modified (improved) nutrient medium including an increased concentration of at least one or more of the components compared to the first nutrient medium. In certain embodiments of the process, the first and modified nutrient media include at least two components selected from the group consisting of NH 4 NO 3, KH 2 PO 4, myoinositol, thiamine-HCl, pyridoxine-HCl, nicotinic acid, ribovin, calcium pantothenate, biotin and folic acid, -serine, L-proline, L-arginine-HCl and L-alanine.
    The nutrient medium usually also includes CuCl 3, CaCl 2, MgSO 4, iron citrate, MnCl 2, H 3 BO 3, ZnSO 4 and (NH 4) 2 MoO 4, as described with reference to the medium designated "MSO 9", as described in Examples 1, 3 and 4 below. . In some embodiments, the improved nutrient medium includes FeSO 4 at a concentration of from about 5 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, such as from about 10 mg / L to about 15 mg / L. In some embodiments, the improved nutrient medium includes MgSO 4 at a concentration of from about 600 mg / L to about 1500 mg / L, such as from about 800 mg / L to about 1200 mg / L. The nutrient medium may also include amino acids. Suitable amino acids may include amino acids commonly incorporated into proteins, as well as amino acids not normally incorporated into proteins, such as arginine succinate, citrulline, canavanine, ornithine and D-stereoisomers. In one embodiment, the nutrient medium further comprises at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of from 85 mg / l to 100 mg / l DL-serine, from 55 mg / l to 70 mg / l L-proline, from 300 mg / l to 600 mg / l L-arginine-HCl and from 55 mg / l to 70 mg / l L-alanine.
    The nutrient medium usually also includes one or more carbon sources, vitamins and minerals. Suitable carbon sources include, but are not limited to, monosaccharides, disaccharides and / or starches. The modified nutrient medium may also include one or more compounds involved in nitrogen metabolism, such as urea or polyamines.
    The nutrient medium may include oxygen-carrying substances to improve the nutrient medium's ability to both absorb oxygen and retain oxygen, which enables the medium to maintain an oxygen concentration higher than that which would otherwise be present in the medium solely due to the absorption of oxygen from the atmosphere. Examples of oxygen carriers include perfluorocarbons, such as FC-77, and surfactants, such as Pluronic-F-68, available from BASF Corp., Parsippany, N.J. Examples of oxygen carriers are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,564,224 (e.g., column 9, line 44, to column 11, line 67), which is incorporated herein by reference.
    The nutrient medium may also contain hormones. Suitable hormones include, but are not limited to, abscisic acid, cytokinins, auxins, and gibberellins. Abscisic acid is a sesquiterpenoid plant hormone that is implicated in a number of physiological processes in plants (see, for example, Milborrow, J. Exp.
    Botany 5221145-1164 (2001); Leung & Giraudat, Ann. Reef. Plant Physiol.
    Plant Moi. Biol. 49: 199-123 (1998)). Auxins are plant growth hormones that promote cell division and growth. Examples of auxins for use in the germination medium include, but are not limited to, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid and chlorogenic acid. Cytokinins are plant growth hormones that affect the organization of cells during division. Examples of cytokinins for use in the germination medium include, but are not limited to, for example, 6-benzylaminopurine, 6-furfurylaminopurine, dihydrozeatin, zeatin, kinetin and zeatin riboside. Gibberellins are a class of diatherpenoid growth hormones (see, for example, Krishnamoorthy (1975) Gibberellins and Plant Growth, John Wiley & Sons). Representative examples of gibberellins useful in the practice of the present invention include gibberellic acid, gibberellin 3, gibberellin 4 and gibberellin 7. An example of a useful mixture of gibberellins is a mixture of gibberellin 4 and gibberellin 7 (designated gibberellin 4 / 7), such as the 4/7 gibberellin sold by Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois. When abscisic acid is present in the modified nutrient medium, it is usually used in a concentration in the range of from about 1 mg / l to about 200 mg / l. When present in the nutrient medium, the concentration of gibberellin (s) is usually between about 0.1 mg / l and about 500 mg / l. Auxins can, for example, be used in a concentration of from 0.1 mg / l to 200 mg / l. Cytokinins can be used, for example, in a concentration of from 0.1 mg / l to 100 mg / l.
    The nutrient medium may also include antimicrobials. Suitable antimicrobials are available from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, and sold as Product No. A5955. Antimicrobials can be used, for example, in a concentration of 1 ml / l.
    The methods of the invention may also be carried out with a nutrient medium which includes a substance which makes the medium semi-solid or has a solidified consistency under normal ambient conditions. The nutrient medium may, for example, be in the form of a hydrated gel. A "gel" is a substance which is prepared as a colloidal solution and which forms, or which can be made to form, a semi-solid material. Such a conversion of a liquid gel solution to a semi-solid material is referred to herein as “curing” or “solidification” of the gel. A “hydrated gel” refers to a water-containing gel. Such gels are prepared by first dissolving in water (where the water acts as a solvent or "continuous phase") of a hydrophilic polymeric substance (acting as a solute or "dispersed phase") which, after curing, is combined with the continuous phase to form of the semi-solid material. The water thus becomes homogeneously associated with the dissolved molecules without any significant separation of the continuous phase from the dispersed phase. However, water molecules can be freely removed from a cured hydrated gel, such as by forming or aspirating a germinating embryo. In the cured state, these gels have the property of resilient solids, such as a mass of gelatin, where the resilience progressively decreases as the gel becomes more “solid” to the touch when the relative amount of water in the gel decreases.
    In addition to being water-soluble, suitable solutes for the gel are neither cytotoxic nor substantially phytotoxic. The term "substantially non-phytotoxic" substance as used herein is a substance which does not substantially interfere with normal plant development, such as by killing a significant number of plant cells, by significantly altering cellular differentiation or maturation, by causing mutations, by destruction of a significant number of cell membranes or by significant disruption of cellular metabolism, or by significant disruption of other processes.
    Examples of gel solvents include, but are not limited to, the following: sodium alginate, agar, agarose, amylose, pectin, dextran, gelatin, starch, amylopectin, modified celluloses, such as methylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, and polyacrylamide. Other hydrophilic solutes for the gel can also be used, as long as they have similar hydrating and gelling properties and lack toxicity.
    Gels are usually formed by dissolving a solute intended for the gel, usually in fine particle form, in water to form a gel solution. Depending on the specific solute intended for the gel, heating is usually necessary, sometimes even until boiling, before the solute intended for the gel is dissolved. Subsequent cooling causes many gel solutions to reversibly "solidify" or "harden" (become gelled). Examples include gelatin, agar and agarose. Such solutes intended for the gel are termed "reversible", since reheating a cured gel regenerates the gel solution. Solutions of other gel solvents require a “complexing agent” that serves to chemically cure the gel by crosslinking the gel molecules intended for the gel. Sodium alginate is cured, for example, by the addition of calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3) 2) or salts of other divalent ions, such as, but not limited to, calcium, barium, lead, copper, strontium, cadmium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, magnesium and iron, to the gel solution. Many of the solutes intended for the gel that require complexing agents are irreversibly cured, with reheating not re-establishing the gel solution.
    The concentration of the gel solute required to prepare a satisfactory gel according to the present invention varies depending on the particular gel solder. A useful concentration of sodium alginate is, for example, in a range of about 0.5 to about 2.5% (w / v), preferably about 0.9 to 1.5% (w / v). A useful concentration of agar is in the range of about 0.8 to about 2.5% (w / v), preferably about 1.8% (w / v). Gels cured by complex formation generally require less solute for the gel to form a satisfactory gel compared to “reversible” gels.
    By practicing the methods of this aspect of the invention, the present inventors have provided a modified (improved) nutrient medium for use in manufactured seeds, as described in Example 2.
    In certain embodiments, an improved nutrient medium is provided, the improved nutrient medium comprising from 10 g / l to 100 g / l of an adsorbent material, from 350 mg / l to 450 mg / l NH 4 NO 3, from 2000 mg / l to 3000 mg / l KH 2 PO 4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of from 150 mg / l to 300 mg / l of myoinositol, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l of thiamine-HCl, from 0.30 mg / l to 0.80 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l nicotinic acid, from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l riboflavin, from 0.75 mg / l to 2.0 mg / l calcium pantothenate, from 0.01 mg / l to 0.03 mg / l biotin and from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l folic acid.
    In some embodiments, the improved nutrient medium further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of 85 mg / L to 100 mg / L DL-serine, from 55 mg / L to 70 mg / L L-proline, from 300 mg / l to 600 mg / l L-arginine-HCl and from 55 mg / l to 70 mg / l L-alanine.
    In certain embodiments, the improved nutrient medium comprises about 60 g / l of non-nutrient treated charcoal, from about 350 mg / l to about 375 mg / l of NH 4 NO 3, from about 2000 mg / l to about 2100 mg / l of KH 2 PO 4 and at least one component which is selected from the group consisting of about 200 mg / l myoinositol, about 2.0 mg / l thiamine-HCl, about 0.50 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, about 2.0 mg / l nicotine-HCl Acid, about 0.26 mg / L riboflavin, about 1.0 mg / L calcium pantothenate, about 0.02 mg / L biotin and about 0.25 mg / L folic acid.
    According to another aspect of the invention, as described in Examples 3 and 4, the present inventors have further discovered via experimentation a manufactured seed comprising a modified (improved) nutrient medium comprising from 10 g / l to 100 g / l of an adsorbent material, from 350 mg / l to 450 mg / l NH4NO3, from 2000 mg / l to 3000 mg / l KH2PO4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of from 150 mg / l to 300 mg / l myoinositol, from 1 , 5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l thiamine-HCl, from 0.30 mg / l to 0.80 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l nicotinic acid, from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l ribo-avin, from 0.75 mg / l to 2.0 mg / l calcium pantothenate, from 0.01 mg / l to 0.03 mg / l biotin and from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l folic acid, gives an improvement in germination rate and normality for germs compared to a manufactured seed including a conventional nutrient medium (ie KE64) including 60 g / l nutrient-treated charcoal.
    In certain embodiments, the modified nutrient medium for use in the seed produced comprises about 60 g / l of nutrient-treated charcoal, from about 350 mg / l to about 375 mg / L NH 4 NO 3, from about 2000 mg / L to about 2100 mg. / In KH2PO4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of about 200 mg / l myoinositol, about 2.0 mg / l thiamine-HCl, about 0.50 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, about 2.0 mg / I nicotinic acid, about 0.26 mg / L riboflavin, about 1.0 mg / L calcium pantothenate, about 0.02 mg / L biotin and about 0.25 mg / L folic acid.
    In some embodiments, the seed produced also includes a shoot restriction, the shoot restriction including a cavity that is sized to receive the conifer embryo. In some embodiments, the seed produced also includes a coniferous embryo located within the shoot restriction cavity.
    In some embodiments, the manufactured seed further includes an adsorbent material, such as charcoal, in the cavity. In some embodiments, the charcoal in the cavity is nutrient treated.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the seed produced comprises a nutrient medium comprising about 60 g / l of non-nutrient treated charcoal, from about 350 mg / L to about 375 mg / L NH 4 NO 3, from about 2000 mg / L to about 2100 mg. 16 mg / l KH2PO4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of about 200 mg / l myoinositol, about 2.0 mg / l thiamine-HCl, about 0.50 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, about 2.0 mg / l of nicotinic acid, about 0.26 mg / l of ribovin, about 1.0 mg / l of calcium pantothenate, about 0.02 mg / l of biotin and about 0.25 mg / l of folic acid. The MS09 medium, as described in Examples 1, 3 and 4, is an example of a modified nutrient medium for use in the manufactured seeds and in the germination processes described herein.
    The modified (improved) nutrient medium formed by using the methods of the invention and manufactured seeds incorporating the modified nutrient medium can be used to germinate a conifer embryo. The method of this aspect of the invention comprises (a) placing a conifer embryo in functional contact with a nutrient medium in a manufactured seed, the nutrient medium comprising from 10 g / l to 100 g / l of an adsorbent material, from 350 mg / l to 450 mg / l NH4NO3, from 2000 mg / l to 3000 mg / l KH2PO4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of from 150 mg / l to 300 mg / l myoinositol, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / I thiamine HCl, from 0.30 mg / l to 0.80 mg / l pyridoxine HCl, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l nicotinic acid, from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l riboflavin, from 0.75 mg / l to 2.0 mg / l calcium pantothenate, from 0.01 mg / l to 0.03 mg / l biotin and from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l folic acid; and (b) placing the produced seed in an environment that promotes plant growth to enable the embryo to grow and germinate on the basis of the produced seed.
    As described above, the present inventors have experimentally discovered that a manufactured seed including a modified nutrient medium improves the germination rate of conifer embryos compared to a standard nutrient medium (eg KE64). The modified nutrient medium described herein in connection with the manufactured seeds is also useful in embryo germination procedures. In certain embodiments of the process, the charcoal in the modified nutrient medium is not nutrient treated prior to addition to the medium. In some embodiments, the modified nutrient medium comprises from 10 g / l to 100 g / l charcoal. In certain embodiments, the charcoal added to the modified nutrient medium from 10 g / l to 100 g / l is non-nutrient treated charcoal (eg from 20 g / l to 100 g / l, from 50 g / l to 100 g / l, from 60 g / l to 100 g / l or from 50 g / l to 80 g / l or about 60 g / l).
    In certain embodiments of the process, the modified nutrient medium for use in the seed produced comprises about 60 g / l of non-nutrient treated charcoal, from about 350 mg / l to about 375 mg / l of NH 4 NO 3, from about 2000 mg / l to about 2100 mg / l KH2PO4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of about 200 mg / l myoinositol, about 2.0 mg / l thiamine-HCl, about 0.50 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, about 2, 0 mg / l nicotinic acid, about 0.26 mg / l riboavine, about 1.0 mg / l calcium pantothenate, about 0.02 mg / l biotin and about 0.25 mg / l folic acid.
    The following examples show only the best embodiment which is currently intended for the practice of the invention, but this should not be construed as limiting the invention.
    EXAMPLE 1 This example shows a representative process for the preparation of a suitable nutrient medium, nutrient-treated charcoal and representative manufactured seeds suitable for use in the processes of the invention.
    Methods: 1. Nutrient medium (KE64-50) is prepared by combining KE64 base medium (Table 1) and the components of Table 2, as described.
    KE64-50 is prepared based on pre-prepared storage solutions.
    The required amount of each storage solution (which is not heat labile) is added to water. Chemicals that do not originate from stock solution (such as charcoal and agar) are weighed and added directly to the medium. All of the non-heat labile chemicals and compounds are added, the medium is adjusted up to a suitable volume, and the pH value is adjusted to 5.7. The agent is then sterilized by autoclaving for 25 minutes.
    TABLE 1: Formulation of KE64 base medium Medium component Final concentration (mg / I) NH4NO3 301.0 H3BO3 10.0 (NH4) 2MoO4 0.06 CaCl2-ZHZO 299.2 KH2PO4 1800.0 18 Medium component Final concentration (mg / I) MgSO4-7H2O 1000.0 MnCl2-4HZO 6.0 ZnSO4-7H2O 0.8 CuCl2-ZHZO 0.5 Ferric citrate 60 mg / I Pluronic F-68 10 g / l Agar 18 g / l Filter sterilized heat labile components (Table 2) are added after the medium has cooled to 40 ° C.
    TABLE 2: Components added to KE64 base medium Medium component Final concentration mM Final concentration (mg / I) Myoinositol 0.5549 100.0 Thiamine-HCl 0.0030 1.0 Pyridoxine-HCl 0.0012 0.25 Nicotinic acid 0.0081 1.0 Riboflavin 0.0021 0.125 Calcium pantothenate 0.50 Biotin 0.0003 0.0010 Folic acid 0.8077 0.1250 L-asparagine 1.8255 106.7 L-glutamine 0.3646 266.7 L-lysine-2HC | 0.7612 53.3 DL-serine 0.4631 80 L-proline 1.5310 53.3 L-arginine-HCl 0.4552 266.7 Urea 13.3200 800 L-valine 0.5983 53.3 L-alanine 0.2203 53.3 L-leucine 0.2448 80 L-threonine 0.3226 26.7 L-phenylalanine 0.1720 53.3 L-histidine 0.1308 26.7 L-tryptophan 0.2035 26.7 L -isoleucine 1.2930 26.7 L-methionine 0.7100 26.7 L-glycine 0.0003 53.3 L-tyrosine 0.2242 53.3 L-cysteine 0.6098 26.7 Sucrose 50 g / l Gibberellic acid (GAW) 0.1 Antimicrobials 1.0 ml / I 10 15 20 25 25 30 19 2. Preparation of charcoal for addition to the medium and / or corrosion resistance of the manufactured seeds A. Preparation of nutrient-treated charcoal: KE64 base medium ( Table 1) is prepared as described above, but without Pluronic F-68 and without agar. 23.3 grams of 100-mesh charcoal is added to 1 liter of KE64 base medium.
    The components are autoclaved and cooled to 40 ° C. The components in Table 2, shown in Example 1, are sterile added to the KE64 base medium, and the medium is stirred for at least 2 hours to mix the components. The agent is filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper in a Buchner funnel to collect the charcoal.
    A moisture balance scale is used to determine the moisture content of the charcoal cake, and the dry weight of the charcoal is calculated. If the nutrient-treated charcoal is to be added to the cavity of the manufactured seed, it is first dried until it becomes a liquid material.
    B. Preparation of a Nutrient Treated Charcoal: Chemically activated 100 mesh charcoal using a phosphoric acid process (NOR | T® CNSP) was obtained from Norit Americas Inc., Marshall, Texas. 3. Preparation of Manufactured Seeds: Representative methods used for the manufacture of manufactured seeds are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,119,395, 5,701,699 and 5,427,593, which are incorporated herein by reference.
    In general, manufactured seeds include a seed coat (24), a nutrient medium (26), a plant embryo (42) and optionally a heart leaf restriction (22). A manufactured seed that does not include a plant embryo (42) is known in the art as a “seed blank.” The seed is usually a cylindrical capsule with a closed end and an open end.
    The nutrient medium (26), also called 'gametophyte medium', is analogous to the gametophyte of a natural seed and is placed inside the seed coat so that it substantially fills the interior of the seed coat. Examples of nutrient media (26) for use in manufactured seeds include the KE64 described above or a modified nutrient medium, as described herein and which may include from 0 g / l to 100 g / l of an adsorbent composition, such as charcoal. The charcoal for use in the nutrient medium may be pre-treated with nutrients, as described above, or it may be pure, non-nutrient-treated charcoal. A longitudinally extending core porous insert, known as a heart leaf restriction (22), is centrally located at one end of a seed coat, surrounded by the nutrient medium, and includes a centrally located cavity (34), also called 'corrosion cavity', which extends partially through the length of the heart leaf restriction. The cavity (34) is sized to receive a plant embryo (42) therein. The well-known plant embryo includes a root end and a heart leaf end. The plant embryo is placed in the cavity of the heart leaf restriction (22) with the heart leaf end first. The plant embryo is then closed in the seed blank by means of an end closure (43). A weakened point in the end closure (43) enables the root end of the plant embryo to penetrate the end closure.
    In an example of a process for producing a manufactured seed for use according to the invention, the seed coat is prepared by cutting a polycaprolactone tube to a suitable length. Ceramic shot barriers are made by injecting a porcelain strip into a preformed template with a needle in the center to provide a shot accepting cavity. The strip is allowed to dry to a consistency that allows removal of the preformed boundary. The boundary is then heated to a temperature that enables the porcelain to form a porous but fused structure. The restriction can be washed with acid to remove contaminants, if desired.
    The lids are made of stretchy ParafilmTM (Pechiney Plastic Packaging, Chicago, Illinois 60631).
    A manufactured seed is assembled by thermobonding the ceramic shoot limiter (22) to the seed coat (24). The seed coat (24) is then filled with nutrient medium (26), and an embryo is inserted into the cavity (34) in the heart leaf restriction (22) with the heart leaf end first. Dry charcoal filler material (80) (either nutrient-treated or non-nutrient-treated) can be filled into the heart leaf restriction after the embryo is inserted into the cavity (34). After the charcoal has been added, the seeds are closed with a second end closure by laying it over the open end of the seed and fusing the lids to the surface by means of heat. The primary end closures are dipped in a blue wax mixture before being attached to the secondary end closure. This promotes satisfactory bonding between the primary and secondary end closures.
    The seeds are then brushed with antimicrobial agents. 10 15 20 25 30 21 4. Preparation of plant embryos Zygotic embryos are prepared based on botanical seeds.
    The seeds are surface sterilized using methods similar to those previously described (Cyr et al., Seed Sci. Res. 1: 91-97 (1991)). The seeds are broken up, and the zygotic embryos are dissected out of the megagamethophyte using a scalpel and forceps in a fume hood with laminar flow.
    Somatic embryos are prepared using standard methods previously described (see, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,957,866, 5,034,326, 5,036,007, 5,041,382, 5,236,841, 5,294,549, 5,482,857, 5,563. 061 and 5,821,126). For example, plant tissue can be grown in an initiation medium that includes hormones for initiating the formation of embryogenic cells, such as embryo suspension masses capable of developing into somatic embryos. The embryogenic cells can then be further cultured in a residence medium that promotes the establishment and proliferation of the embryogenic cells. Thereafter, the propagated embryogenic cells can be cultured in a development medium that promotes the development of somatic embryos, which can also be subjected to post-developmental treatments, such as cold treatments. The somatic embryos used in the methods of the invention have completed the developmental stage of the somatic embryogenesis process. They may also have undergone one or more post-development treatments. 5. Germination: An appropriate amount of sterile sand is prepared by burning 2 liters of sand at a temperature of 191 ° C (375 ° F) for 24 hours. The sand is then added to pre-sterilized trays, and 285 ml of water are added. Furrows are then formed, and the box is closed. The box containing the sand is then autoclaved for 1 hour at 121 ° C and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.
    The produced seeds are sown in the sand and allowed to germinate. The produced seeds are usually grown in continuous light at room temperature (23 ° C) for 4-5 weeks. Several parameters can be measured to determine the germination frequency of the quality of the produced seeds and germs.
    At a certain time after sowing, the lengths of the rootstock, hypocotylene, heart leaves and epicotylene of the seedlings can be measured.
    The term “root substance” refers to the part of a plant embryo that develops into the primary root of the resulting plant. The term "heart leaf" generally refers to the first, first pair or first wreath (depending on the type of plant) of leaf-like structures on the plant embryo which mainly serves to make nutrient compounds in the seed available to the developing embryo, but which in some cases function as nutrient stores or photosynthetic structures.
    The term "hypocotyl" refers to the part of a plant embryo or a seedling that is located below the heart leaves but above the rootstock.
    The term "epicotyl" refers to the part of a seedling stem that is located above the heart leaves.
    The degree of germination can be measured, and the normality of the germs can also be assessed. A "normal germ" or "normality" denotes the presence of all the expected parts of a plant at the time of evaluation. In the case of gymnosperms, the normality is characterized by the fact that the root substance has a length of more than 3 mm and no visible discernible malformations compared with the appearance of embryos as a cave based on a natural seed.
    "Abnormal" means that the tissue is swollen on at least one organ and that the root and heart leaves are dead. “Abnormal, completely extracted” means that the germ has completely come out of the cavity but is not normal. “Unchanged” means that the embryo has not changed from day 1 of the experiment (ie germination has not taken place).
    EXAMPLE 2 This example describes the preparation of a modified nutrient medium for use in manufactured seeds containing non-nutrient treated charcoal.
    Methods: The KE64 medium, prepared as described in Example 1, was incubated in the presence or absence of nutrient-treated or non-nutrient-treated charcoal, and the concentration of the medium components was measured after incubation.
    The 100 mesh nutrient treated charcoal was prepared as described in Example 1.
    Tested conditions: 1. KE64 medium without added charcoal (sample 012). 10 23 KE64 medium plus 60 g / l non-nutrient treated 100 mesh charcoal (sample 013). 3. KE64 medium plus 60 g / l nutrient-treated 100 mesh charcoal (sample 014).
    The charcoal was added where indicated, mixed and incubated for 2 hours. The concentration of the media components was analyzed as shown below in Table 3.
    TABLE 3: Comparison of measured concentration of medium components before and after incubation in the presence of charcoal. The measurement results are given in mg / l, unless otherwise stated.
    KE64 medium KE64 medium plus charcoal KE64 medium KE64 medium plus charcoal (nutrient (no charcoal) (no charcoal) (untreated) treated) Expected final- Measured Measured concentration concentration concentration concentration (mg / l) (mg / l) I) (mg / I) (mg / I) Medium component “B” “C” “D” “E” NH4NO3 301.1 322.3 296.8 381.3 H3BO3 10.0 11.4 9.7 11.4 (NH4) 2MoO4 0.06 0.08 0.02 0.02 CaCl 2 -H2O 299.2 275.9 124.7 271.1 KH2PO4 1800.0 1573 2513 1907 MgSO4-7H2O 1000.0 987.3 635.6 960.9 MnCl 2 - 4H 2 O 6.0 3.8 1.7 3.9 ZnSO 4 - 7H 2 O 0.8 0.15 0.09 0.10 CuCl 2 -2H 2 O 0.5 0.27 <0.01 < 0.01 Myoinositol 100.0 ND ND ND Thiamine-HCl 1.0 ND ND ND Pyridoxine-HCl 0.25 ND ND ND Nicotinic acid 1.0 ND ND ND Riboflavin 0.13 ND ND ND Calcium pantothenate 0.50 ND ND ND Biotin 0.0010 ND ND ND Folic acid 0.1250 ND ND ND L-asparagine / serine 187 191 155 204 L-glutamine / histidine 293 231 166 206 L-lysine-HCl 53.3 43 21 32 DL-serine 80.0 ND ND ND L-proline 53.3 94 87 100 24 KE64 medium KE64 medium plus charcoal KE64 medium KE64 medium plus charcoal (nutrient- (no charcoal) (no charcoal) (untreated) treated) Expected final- Measured Measured Measured concentration concentration concentration concentration (mg / I) (mg / I) (mg / I) (mg / I) Medium component "B" "C" "D" "E" L-arginine-HCl 266.7 256 43 76 L-valine 53.3 50 41 49 L-alanine 53.3 45 40 49 L-leucine 80.0 75 48 64 L-threonine 26.7 44 37 42 L-phenylalanine 53.3 51 5 10 L-tryptophan 26.7 19 ND ND L-isoleucine 26.7 25 16 22 L-methionine 26.7 18 ND ND L-glycine 53.3 52 40 51 L -tyrosine 53.3 56 3 6 L-cysteine 26.7 ND ND ND Sucrose 50.0 g / l 52.8 g / l 49.2 g / l 63.2 g / l Urea 800 ND ND ND TABLE 4: Analysis of the results in TABLE 3 Increase in nutrient concentration in super- Concentration natant due to- absorbed to set of Adjustment- charcoal, mg / I traded charcoal factor for New start- to medium, mg / I medium concentration (CD) (EC) (E / C) (HxW) Medium component “F” ”G” “H” ”l” NH4NO3 25.5 59.0 1.2 361.3 H3BO3 1.7 0.0 1.0 10.00 (NH4) 2MOO4 0.1 '0.1 1.0 0.1 CaCl2-2H2O 151.1 -4.8 1.0 29 9.2 KH2PO4 -940.3 333.9 1.1 2059.8 MgSO4-7H2O 351.7 -26.4 1.0 1000.0 MnCl2-4H2O 2.1 0.1 1.0 6.0 ZnSO4- 7H 2 O 0.10 -0.1 1.0 0.8 CuCl 2 -ZH 2 O ND ND 1.0 0.5 Myoinositol ND ND ND 100.0 Thiamine-HCl ND ND ND 1.0 25 Increase in serum concentration of supernatant Concentration natant due to add- absorbed to set of Adjustment charcoal, mg / I traded charcoal factor for New start- to medium, mg / I medium concentration (CD) (EC) (E / C) (HxW) Medium component "F "" G "" H "" 1 "Pyridoxine-HCl ND ND ND 0.3 Nicotinic acid ND ND ND 1.0 Riboflavin ND ND ND 0.1 Calcium pantothenate ND ND ND 0.5 Biotin ND ND ND 0.0 Folic acid ND ND ND 0.1 L-asparagine / serine 36.0 13.0 1.1 L-asparagine: 117.4 Serine: 88.0 L-glutamine / histidine 65.0 -25.0 1.0 L-glutamine: 266 .7 L-histidine: 26.7 L-lysine-HCl 22.0 -25.0 1.0 53.3 L-proline 7.0 6.0 1.1 58.6 L-arginine-HCl 213.0 -180.0 2.0 533.4 L-valine 9.0 -1.0 1.0 53.3 L-alanine 5.0 4.0 1.1 58.6 L-leucine 27.0 -11, 0 1.0 80.0 L-threonine 7.0 -2.0 1.0 26.7 L-phenylalanine 46.0 -41.0 1.0 53.3 L-isoleucine 9.0 -3.0 1.0 26.7 L-glycine 12.0 -1.0 1.0 53.3 L-tyrosine 53.0 -50.0 1.0 53.3 L-cysteine ND ND ND 53.3 Sucrose 3.6 10.4 1.2 60.0 Urea ND ND 1.0 800.0 TABLE 5: Modified nutrient medium MS08 and MS09 KE64 medium MS08 MS09 Medium component Final concentration Final concentration Final concentration (mg / l) (mg (I) (mg / I) NH4NO3 301.1 301.1 371.7 H3BO3 10.0 10.0 10.0 (NH4) 2MoO4 0.06 0.06 0.06 CaCl2-2H2O 299.2 299.2 299.2 26 KE64 medium MS08 MSO9 Medium component Final concentration Final concentration Final concentration (mg / I) (mg / I) (mg / I) KH2PO4 1800, 0 2088 2088 MgSO4-7H2O 1000.0 1000 1000 MnC | 2-4H2O 6.0 6.0 6.0 ZnSO4-7H2O 0.8 0.8 0.8 CuCl2-ZHZO 0.5 0.5 0.5 Ferric citrate 60 mg / I 60 60 Myoinositol 100 100 200 Thiamine-HCl 1.0 1.0 2.0 Pyridoxine-HCl 0.25 0.25 0.50 Nicotinic acid 1.0 1.0 2.0 Riboflavin 0.125 0.13 0.26 Calcium pantothenate 0.50 0.50 1.0 Biotin 0.0010 0.01 0.02 Folic acid 0.1250 0.13 0.25 L-asparagine 106.7 11.73 11.73 L-glutamine 266.7 266.7 266.7 L-lysine-2HC | 53.3 53.3 53.3 DL-serine 80.0 88.0 88.0 L-proline 53.3 58.63 58.63 L-arginine-HCl 266.7 533.3 533.3 Urea 800, 0 800 800 L-valine 53.3 53.3 53.3 L-alanine 53.3 58.63 58.63 L-leucine 80.0 80.0 80.0 L-threonine 26.7 26.7 26, 7 L-phenylalanine 53.3 53.3 53.3 L-histidine 26.7 26.7 26.7 L-tryptophan 26.7 26.7 26.7 L-isoleucine 26.7 26.7 26.7 L -methionine 26.7 26.7 26.7 L-glycine 53.3 53.3 53.3 L-tyrosine 53.3 53.3 53.3 L-cysteine 26.7 26.7 26.7 Pluronic F- 68 10 g / l 9.0 g / l 9.0 g / l Charcoal 60 g / l 60.0 g / l 60.0 g / l (nutrient- (non-nutrient- (non-nutrient- treated) treated) treated Agar 18 g - 26 g / l 18.0 g / l 18.0 g / l pH 5.7 5.7 Sucrose 50 g / l 60.0 g / l 60.0 g / l 10 27 TABLE 6: Summary of components that differ in modified MS-08 and MS-09 medium compared to KE64 KE64 medium MS08 MSO9 Medium component Final concentration Final concentration Final concentration (mg / I) (mg / I) (mg / I) NH4NO3 301.1 301 , 1 371.7 KH2PO4 1800, 0 2088 2088 Myomosüd 100 100 200 Thiamine-HCl 1.0 1.0 2.0 Pyridoxine-HCl 0.25 0.25 0.50 Nicotinic acid 1.0 1.0 2.0 Riboflavin 0.125 0.13 0.26 Calcium pantothenate 0.50 0.50 1.0 Biotin 0.0010 0.01 0.02 Fdswa 01250 OJ3 025 L- asparagine 106.7 11.73 11.73 DL-serine 80.0 88.0 88.0 L-proline 53.3 58.63 58.63 L-arginine-HCl 266.7 533.3 533.3 L- alanine 53.3 58.63 58.63 Charcoal 60 g / l 60.0 g / l 60.0 g / l (nänngsän1nes- (ejnänngsärnnes- (ejnänngsän1nes- behanmaß Behandmü untreated agar 18 g - 26 g / l 18.0 g / l 18.0 g / l pH 5.7 5.7 Sucrose 50 g / l 60.0 g / l 60.0 g / l It can be noted that the concentration of some of the components, such as L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine and ferric citrate, were adjusted for pH and to avoid precipitation problems.
    EXAMPLE 3 This example describes a comparison of the effect of different nutrient formulations of type KE64, MS08 and MSO9 used in the produced seed on the germination frequency and quality of yellow southern state stables.
    Methods: Zygotic seeds of yellow southern state ("Loblolly pine") were surface sterilized, and embryos were removed and inserted into the produced seed, as described in Example 1. Manufactured seeds were prepared as described in Examples 1 and 2 using of ceramic leaf blade constraints, with variations in the nutrient medium and either nutrient-treated or non-nutrient-treated charcoal included in the cavity, as indicated above.KE64 nutrient medium was prepared as described in Example 1. Nutrient-treated charcoal was prepared as described in Example 1. MS08 the media were prepared as described in Example 2.
    Once the seeds were assembled for the indicated structures, dry, nutrient-treated charcoal or 100-mesh nutrient-treated charcoal of 100 mesh was then pipetted into the corrosion cavity of the structure using a sterile pasteur pipette. The embryos were then inserted into the heart leaf restriction.
    The nutrient media were prepared as shown below and placed inside the seed coat so that they substantially filled the interior of the seed coat. Under certain treatment conditions, the nutrient medium contained charcoal that was nutrient-treated, and under other treatment conditions, the medium contained charcoal that was not nutrient-treated.
    As described above in Example 2, MS08 and MS09 were formulated to increase the concentration of certain medium components, which are shown in Tables 5 and 6, compared to KE64 in an attempt to increase, or at least maintain, the same germination rate observed with KE64 in the presence of nutrient-treated charcoal.
    The medium dispensing temperature was 45 ° C. The living end of the manufactured seed (end of the embryonic cavity) was dipped in wax. 108 seeds were tested per treatment (4 treatments), resulting in a total of 432 seeds.
    Tested treatment conditions: 1. Complete KE64 medium (50 g / l sucrose, 18 g / l agar) plus 60 g / l nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium and nutrient-treated charcoal in the cavity. 2. Complete MS08 medium (60 g / l sucrose, 18 g / l agar) plus 60 g / l non-nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium and nutrient-treated charcoal in the cavity. 10 15 29 3. Complete MS09 medium (60 g / l sucrose, 18 g / l agar) plus 60 g / l non-nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium and nutrient-treated charcoal in the cavity. 4. Complete KE64 medium (50 g / l sucrose, 18 g / l agar) plus 60 g / l non-nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium and nutrient-treated charcoal in the cavity.
    The manufactured seeds assembled as described above for each treatment condition were seeded in sterile sand boxes and placed in a bright room. The seeds were recorded for germination 25 days after sowing.
    Results: The results are shown in Tables 7 and 8 below.
    TABLE 7: Organ lengths and% lateral deviations ("laterals") Side- Root substance- Hypocotyl- Heart leaf- Epicotyl- Medium deviations length length length length (%) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Treatment no1 25.3% 27 .0 22.7 19.5 8.2 (KE64 plus 60 g / l nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium) Treatment no. 2 20.4% 27.0 23.3 21.2 10.6 (MSO8 plus 60 g / l not nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium) Treatment no. 3 43.0% 28.9 28.1 20.5 9.5 (MS09 plus 60 g / l non-nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium) Treatment no. 4 4.3% 10.9 14 .6 16.4 4.7 (KE64 plus 60 g / l not nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium) 10 15 30 TABLE 8: Seedling quality Would be normal if _ Normal they would be full- Total proportion Abnormal- Medium __ _ __ germ- stand | gt normal la germ- Ophor substances extracted germ substances substances changed (%) (%) (column 1 + column2) (%) (0/0) Treatment No. 1 30.3% 5.1% 35.4% 38.4% 26.3% (KE64 plus 60 g / l nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium) Treatment no. 2 22.1% 2.1% 24.2% 32.6% 43.2% (MS08 plus 60 g / l non-nutrient treatment charcoal in the medium) Treatment No. 3 44.7% 10.6% 55.3% 26.6% 18.1% (MS09 plus 60 g / l non-nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium) Treatment No. 4 3.2% 2, 1% 5.25% 43.6% 51.1% (KE64 plus 60 g / l non-nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium) Discussion of results: As shown above in Table 8, the manufactured seeds with MS09 with 60 g / l gave non-nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium performed better than KE64 with 60 g / l of nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium, while the KE64-containing seeds resulted in a germination frequency of 44.7% of that of the normal germs and a total frequency of normal plus normal but not completely extracted , germs of 55.3% compared to MS09-containing seeds, which gave 30.3% normal germination frequency, and a total germination frequency of 35.4% of normal plus normal, but not completely extracted, germs.
    The MS08 medium with 60 g / l non-nutrient treated medium did not give as good results as KE64 or MS09.
    As also shown in Table 7, the seeds produced with MS09 medium (with non-nutrient treated charcoal in the medium) yielded germs with organ sizes at least as large, if not larger, than the germs produced from the standard KE64 medium (with nutrient-treated charcoal in the medium).
    Overall conclusion: It appears that MS09 is superior to both KE64 and MS08 for use in manufactured seeds of yellow southern state stables in terms of frequency and quality of resulting germs. The use of this modified medium (MS09) provides the advantage of avoiding the time and costs involved in the long-term preparation of nutrient-treated charcoal for use in manufactured seeds.
    It can be noted that a further experiment was performed with embryos of yellow southern stables comparing manufactured seeds containing either KE64 with 60 g / l non-nutrient treated charcoal or MS09 with 60 g / l non-nutrient treated charcoal with germination results assessed 49 days after sowing, however this experiment did not yield any statistically significant values, probably due to causes of contamination.
    EXAMPLE 4 This example describes the effect of different nutrient media used in manufactured seeds on the germination rate and quality of Douglas fir embryos.
    Methods: Somatic Douglas fir embryos from two different genotypes (genotypes # 1 and # 2) were grown until the developmental stage, as described in Example 1. These embryos were then placed on a stratification medium for 4 weeks and evaluated for sterility before insertion into manufactured seeds. .
    Manufactured seeds were prepared as described in Example 1 using either Type A ceramic heart type restrictions or Type B ceramic heart leaf restrictions, and with variations in the nutrient media and either nutrient-treated or non-nutrient-treated charcoal included in the cavity, as indicated below. The KE64 nutrient medium was prepared as described in Example 1. Nutrient treated charcoal was prepared as described in Example 1. The MS09 medium was prepared as described in Example 2. Once the fabricated seeds were assembled for the indicated constructs, then pipetted dry, nutrient-treated charcoal or non-nutrient-treated charcoal of 100 mesh in the corrosion cavity of the structure by using a sterile pasteur pipette. The embryos were then introduced into the heart leaf restriction.
    The nutrient medium was prepared as shown below and placed in the seed coat to substantially fill the interior of the seed coat. Under certain treatment conditions, the nutrient medium contained charcoal that was nutrient treated, and in other embodiments, the medium contained charcoal that was not nutrient treated.
    As described above in Example 2, MS09 was formulated to increase the concentration of certain medium components shown in Tables 5 and 6, compared to KE64 in an attempt to increase, or at least maintain, the same germination rate observed with KE64 in the presence of nutrient treated charcoal.
    The medium dispensing temperature was 45 ° C. The living end of the produced seed (the end with the embryonic cavity) was dipped in wax.
    Each treatment in this study consisted of 7 copies with 10 seed copy treatment for a total of 280 seeds.
    The treatment conditions were as described below in Table 9. The produced seeds containing embryos were sown in 7 sterile sandboxes with 10 seeds / treatment / box. The seeds were recorded with respect to germination frequency and organ lengths 61 days after sowing.
    TABLE 9: Treatment conditions for the preparation of manufactured seeds using genotypes No. 1 and No. 2 of Douglas fir somatic embryos Treated Nutrient Charcoal in Nutrition Charcoal in cavity Heartbeat genotypes medium medium restriction 1 No. 1 KE64 nutrient treatment nutrient- Type B No. 2 lat (60 g / l) treated charcoal in cavity 2 No. 1 MS09 not nutrient- nutrient- Type B treated charcoal treated charcoal in (60 g / l) cavity 33 Treated- Tested Nutrient Charcoal in nutrient Charcoal in cavity Heart leaf genotypes medium medium restriction 3 no. 1 KE64 nutrient treatment nutrient type B no. 2 lat charcoal (60 g / l) treated charcoal in cavity 4 no. 2 MSO9 non nutrient nutrient type B processed charcoal (60 g / l) treated charcoal in cavity 5 no. 1 KE64 nutrient treatment- no charcoal in Type A lat charcoal (60 g / l) cavity 6 no. 2 KE64 nutrient treatment- no charcoal in Type A lat charcoal (60 g / l) cavity TABLE 10: Organ lengths for all treatments ngar (mm) Rotäm nes- Hypocotyl- Heart leaf- Epicotyl- length (mm) length (mm) length (mm) length (mm) Treatment 01 = 0.0014 0r = 0.0001 0i = 0.0001 01 = 0.6717 m1 9.51 mmB 10.46 ° 5.343 0.00 (geno no. 1 / no. 2: KE64: treated charcoal in medium and cavity m 2 12.39 mm ^ W 13.00 mm ° 7.24 mm ^ B 7, 75 mm (geno no. 1: MS09: untreated charcoal in medium, treated charcoal in cavity) m 3 6.93 mmB 11.26 mmBC 5.15 mmB 5.40 mm (geno no. 1 / no. 2: KE64: treated charcoal in medium, treated charcoal in cavity) m 4 7.31 mmB 10.47 mmBC 5.15 mmB 2.60 mm (geno no. 2: MS09: untreated charcoal in medium, treated charcoal in cavity) m5 15.71 mm W 14.76 mm ^ 9.57 mm ^ 3.51 mm (geno no. 1: KE64: treated charcoal in medium, no charcoal in cavity m 6 23.04 mm ^ 17.45 mm ^ 9.03 mm ^ 3, 52 mm (geno no. 2: KE64: treated charcoal in medium, no charcoal in cavity 34 TABLE 11: Germination frequency of Douglas fir Total Complete Partial germination No germination germination (column Root in air germination Treatment or = 0.00131 oi = 0.0087 1 +2) oi = 0.4614 or = 0.0011 no.1 o, o% B 11.1% "11.1% 11.1% 75.9% ^ (geno no. 1 / no. 2: KE64: treated charcoal in medium and cavity) no. 269% "27.6% 7.4% 64.6%" (geno no. 1: MS09: untreated charcoal in medium, treated charcoal in cavity) no. 3 o, o% B s, 6% B s, 6% 161% 77.6% ^ (geno no. 1 / no. 2: KE64: treated charcoal in medium, treated charcoal in cavity no. 4 o, o% B 136% ”13.5% 14.3% 667% "(Geno no. 2: MS09: untreated charcoal in medium, treated charcoal in cavity) no. 5 11.1% ^ 22.2%” 33.3% 165% 46.1% B (geno no. 1: KE64 : treated charcoal in medium, no charcoal in cavity) No. 6 93% '29,6 ° / ° ^ 369% 9,3% 46,1% B (geno No. 2: KE64: treated charcoal in medium, no charcoal in cavity) 1Medium care followed by the same letter not significantly different. zRot in air is a negative result and indicates that the root has lost its geotropism. 35 TABLE 12: Normality registrations for all treatments Would be normal if Total they were full Proportion Infinite germination row (none Normal extracted (columns germination) Abnormal Treatment oi = 0.00011 d = 0.1665 1 + 2) oi = 0.0273 oi = 0., 1174 no. 1 0% C 13.0% 13.0% 38.9% 37.0% (geno no. 1 / no. 2: KE64: treated charcoal in medium and cavity) No. 2 9.3% BC 25.9% 35.2% 27.8% 35.2% (geno No. 1: MS09: untreated charcoal in medium, treated charcoal in cavity) No. 3 1.9 % C 9.3% 11.2% 33.3% 55.6% (geno no. 1 / no. 2: KE64: treated charcoal in medium, treated charcoal in cavity) no. 4 1.9% C 18 .5% 20.4% 31.5% 42.6% (geno no. 2: MS09: untreated charcoal in medium, treated charcoal in cavity) no. 5 16.7 ° / ° ^ 22.2% 38.9% 463% 14, s% (geno no. 1: KE64: treated charcoal in medium, no charcoal in cavity) no. 6 25.9% A 22.2% 48.1% 33.3% 16, 7% (geno no. 2: KE64: treated charcoal in medium, no charcoal in cavity) 1Average followed by the same letter not significantly different.
    Discussion of results: As shown above in Tables 10-12, there is an increase in germination frequency and organ size of germs from manufactured seeds containing the modified nutrient medium MS09 with non-nutrient-treated medium compared to manufactured seeds containing KE64 medium with nutrient-treated medium. The application of nutrients to charcoal is a complex and time consuming process. The use of the modified MSO9 medium with non-nutrient treated medium therefore provides a significant advantage in the preparation of manufactured seeds and in processes for germination of plant embryos. Although the preferred embodiment of the invention has been elucidated and described, it should be understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    Nutrient medium comprising from 10 g / l to 100 g / l of an adsorbent material, from 350 mg / l to 450 mg / l NH4NO3, from 2000 mg / l to 3000 mg / l KH2PO4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of from 5 mg / l to 25 mg / l FeSO4, from 600 mg / l to 1500 mg / l MgSO4, from 150 mg / l to 300 mg / l myoinositol, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l thiamine HCl, from 0.30 mg / l to 0.80 mg / l pyridoxine HCl, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l nicotinic acid, from 0.15 mg / l I to 0.30 mg / l ribo-avin, from 0.75 mg / l to 2.0 mg / l calcium pantothenate, from 0.01 mg / l to 0.03 mg / l biotin and from 0.15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l folic acid.
    [2]
    The nutrient medium according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent material is charcoal, polyvinylpyrrolidone or silica gel.
    [3]
    The nutrient medium according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent material is charcoal.
    [4]
    The nutrient medium according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of charcoal in the nutrient medium is from about 10 g / l to about 60 g / l.
    [5]
    A nutrient medium according to claim 4, wherein the charcoal is not nutrient treated prior to addition to the nutrient medium.
    [6]
    The nutrient medium according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient medium further comprises at least 1 component selected from the group consisting of from 85 mg / l to 100 mg / l DL-serine, from 55 mg / l to 70 mg / l L-proline , from 300 mg / l to 600 mg / l L-arginine-HCl and from 55 mg / l to 70 mg / l L-alanine.
    [7]
    The nutrient medium of claim 1, wherein the nutrient medium comprises about 60 g / L of non-nutrient treated charcoal, from about 350 mg / L to about 375 mg / L of NH 4 NO 3, from about 2000 mg / L to about 2100 mg / L of KH 2 PO 4 and at least one grain. - component selected from the group consisting of about 200 mg / l myoinositol, about 2.0 mg / l thiamine-HCl, about 0.50 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, about 2.0 mg / l nicotine 38 acid, about 0.26 mg / L riboflavin, about 1.0 mg / L calcium pantothenate, about 0.02 mg / L biotin and about 0.25 mg / L folic acid.
    [8]
    Manufactured seed comprising: (a) a seed coat; and (b) a nutrient medium comprising from 10 g / l to 100 g / l of an adsorbent material, from 350 mg / l to 450 mg / l NH 4 NO 3, from 2000 mg / l to 3000 mg / l KH 2 PO 4, from 5 mg / l 1 to 25 mg / l FeSO 4, from 600 mg / l to 1500 mg / l MgSO 4 and at least one component selected from the group consisting of from 150 mg / l to 300 mg / l myoinositol, from 1.5 mg / l I to 3.0 mg / l thiamine HCl, from 0.30 mg / l to 0.80 mg / l pyridoxine-HCl, from 1.5 mg / l to 3.0 mg / l nicotinic acid, from 0 , 15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l riboflavin, from 0.75 mg / l to 2.0 mg / l calcium pantothenate, from 0.01 mg / l to 0.03 mg / l biotin and from 0 , 15 mg / l to 0.30 mg / l folic acid.
    [9]
    Manufactured seed according to claim 8, wherein the adsorbent material is charcoal, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone or silica gel.
    [10]
    Manufactured seed according to claim 8, wherein the adsorbent material is charcoal.
    [11]
    Manufactured seed according to claim 10, wherein the concentration of charcoal in the nutrient medium is from about 10 g / l to about 60 g / l.
    [12]
    Manufactured seed according to claim 10, wherein the charcoal is not nutrient treated before addition to the nutrient medium.
    [13]
    Manufactured seed according to claim 8, wherein the nutrient medium further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of from 85 mg / l to 100 mg / l DL-serine, from 55 mg / l to 70 mg / l L- proline, from 300 mg / l to 600 mg / l L-arginine-HCl and from 55 mg / l to 70 mg / l L-alanine. 39
    [14]
    The seed produced according to claim 8, further comprising a shoot restriction, the shoot restriction comprising a cavity sized to receive the heart leaf embryo.
    [15]
    The seed produced according to claim 14, further comprising a heart leaf embryo located in the cavity of the shoot restriction.
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    同族专利:
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    AU2010219387A1|2011-04-14|
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    US20110072872A1|2011-03-31|
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    引用文献:
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    US8466086B2|1997-11-20|2013-06-18|Weyerhaeuser Nr Company|Nutritive media and manufactured seeds comprising same|
    AU731857B2|1997-11-20|2001-04-05|Weyerhaeuser Company|Nutritive media and manufactured seeds comprising same|
    MD20000059A|1998-05-15|2000-08-31|University Of Florida|Regeneration system for grape and use thereof|
    US6893873B2|2002-01-25|2005-05-17|Georgia Tech Research Corporation|Methods for improving conifer embryogenesis|
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    US7520089B2|2003-11-25|2009-04-21|Weyerhaeuser Nr Company|Method to improve manufactured seed germination|
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    EP2725885A4|2011-06-29|2014-12-24|Weyerhaeuser Nr Co|Shoot restraint for use with manufactured seeds|
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    US20160081336A1|2014-09-18|2016-03-24|Weyerhaeuser Nr Company|Medium with a plant non-metabolizable sugar for improving seed germination|
    CN105016851A|2015-05-18|2015-11-04|深圳文科园林股份有限公司|Nutrient solution in soilless culture of camellia and preparation method therefor|
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    法律状态:
    2018-05-02| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US24737709P| true| 2009-09-30|2009-09-30|
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